Immigrant Life in Chicago: 52 Ancestors 2025 Prompt “Urban”

 

Ed Jandy’s Memories of Early Life in Chicago

Edward Jandesek/Jandy: 1899-1980 (Maternal Grandfather)

 

Many of our ancestors chose to settle in rural areas, often turning to farming for a career. But a few ancestor families chose to settle in urban areas. The Jandesek family immigrated to the United States in the 1880s and settled in Chicago. Years later, son Edward Jandesek wrote in his memoir about what he remembered of his childhood in the city.

Ed recalled that the family settled in a neighborhood called Old Pilsen. He said the neighborhood was predominantly comprised of Czech, Polish, German and Irish immigrants, mostly Catholics. His father, Emil, worked in a lumber mill as a millhand.

The Pilsen neighborhood in southwest side of Chicago

Here are some passages describing the Jandesek’s neighborhood and lives:

“Life in this neighborhood: strong family ties, most men skilled or unskilled workers; some owned stores and taverns; the latter sometimes occupied all four corners of street crossings. Beer was favorite national drink of Poles, Bohemians, and Irish.

Women of most families, and ours, worked as clerks, tailor maids, or office helpers. Brother Emil as lumber hand, George as skilled typesetter. Family unity, following European custom rather strong among all these ethnic 3 groups. Cleanliness in home and around it, a strong trait among Bohemians; streets clean.

One block north of our house, at Throup and Sixteenth Streets, railroad tracks of Chicago, Northwestern. Burlington, and Northern and a freight yard where cars were sorted for long trips. We boys included this area in our playgrounds; we hitched freight car rides, collected coal and wood for home stove fuel, watched trains fly by.

Photo of street where the Jandeseks lived. Circa 1920.

The streets and empty lots were all play areas for roller skating, tag, baseball, hide and go seek, even making winter fires on holidays. City-managed playgrounds one-half mile away: Chicago River 11/2 miles to south, where we swam as boys in its canals and dived off high lumber piles, often into oily water. A number of boys drowned here. We all swam naked. Inter-neighborhood gang fights over “territorial rights;” none too serious.

Our school was only two blocks away from our house; parochial- schools near also. Most kids went through 8th grade; dropouts before age 14 were frequent due to poverty in home. Few aspired to go to high school and very, very few to college. I then never entertained idea of high school and dropped out at end of 8th grade to go to work like most boys. In my peer groups (boys and girls) I always seemed to have numerous friends, some capacity for leadership, and was confident of some of these.”

Chicago was home to a large number of Czechs by the late 1800s into the 1900s. According to an article about Pilsen on the Chicago Curbed website, “the rapidly growing metropolis’ Czech population… ranked third in the world—behind only Prague and Vienna.” (Cit. 3)

Postcard of Blue Island and 18th, near where the Jandeseks lived. Photo Circa 1915, with title in Czech at the top reading "Czech businesses in Chicago".

I suspect that Emil Jandesek worked at the Pilsen Yards, a huge lumber yard near the train tracks.  According to the History of Pilsen article cited below,  following the Chicago Fire, “rapid reconstruction throughout Chicago accelerated the growth of several industries, including lumber. The Pilsen Yards, at today’s 22nd Street and Blue Island, became the largest lumber distribution center in the world.” (Cit. 2)

There are two possibilities for the school Ed and his siblings attended. Since they lived at Throop and 18^th, two blocks south at Throop and 20^th was the Komensky School, built at the end of the 19^th century. The building still stands today.

Map showing location of Komensky and Jinka schools, with location of Jandesek apartment in the middle.

The other possibility was the Jinka School, also built in the late 1890s, which stood at Loomis and 17^th, one block north and one block west of the Jandesek apartment. They were large, multi-story brick buildings.

Komensky School at top, Jinka School at bottom.

Ed would have followed his family members into blue collar work if not for the influence of a community center or “settlement house” called Howell House. Chicago was the home to several settlement missions, which served various immigrant communities. Howell House and Bethlehem Center were located in Pilsen.

“Bethlehem Center and Howell House were church-related neighborhood houses serving the Pilsen area on the Near West Side. They provided religious, social services, and personal welfare assistance to an immigrant community composed predominantly of Bohemians, Poles, and Czechs.” (Cit. 4)

Photo of Howell House on the cover of a 1905 scrapbook.

“The Women's Presbyterial Society established Howell Neighborhood House for Home Missions, otherwise known as the "Bohemian Settlement House" in 1905. The mission's first initiative in the "Little Pilsen" neighborhood was a kindergarten in a small building on the corner of Nineteenth Place and May Street. "To stand on the corner of Blue Island Avenue and 18th Street [in those days]," Gertrude Ray later wrote, "was to stand in the heart of a Czech city with a population second only to Prague." 

18th and Blue Island in 1909

"The house expanded rapidly and by 1914, the board of management had created, among others, Boys and Girls Clubs, a Sunday school, a library, and an English Night School. C.D.B. Howell, for whom the settlement house was later renamed in 1919, taught Sunday school and brought in other teachers from the neighborhood in these formative years. Additionally, Howell led a fund-raising drive in 1913 that raised money for construction of a larger settlement building at 1831 South Center Street (now Racine).”(Cit. 4)

Howell House seen over the Pilsen rooftops. Circa 1915.

Ed described the effect of Howell House on his life in his memoir:

“Somehow, between 16 and 18, through a friend, drifted into Howell Neighborhood House, 1/2 mile from our home, attended nights more and more regularly. Personnel of House: men leaders who were attending Y.M.C.A. colleges, the University of Chicago, or church seminaries. Emphasized clean speech, clean habits, clean sports; these a motto. There was a gymnasium. I never took to its sports. There were various clubs tor social affairs, discussion, and debating. Also Church services Sunday, Presbyterian, which I regularly attended, as well as a mid week club.

A knitting class for girls and a basket-weaving class for boys at Howell House, circa

 1915.

Ed went on to write:

“I know of no other institution or leaders that made a greater impact on my personality development than Howell House. Here some of us picked up high aspirations and ideals that shaped our entire lives one way or another, even though we came to realize this in subsequent years. For various reasons, a few of us boys, the objects of special attention and solicitude of House staff; the Head, Miss Ray, Dr. Rowell, the minister, later a professor of English at University of California, and Rev. Olson, his successor. When I was about 19 years old I was selected to be an elder at Howell Neighborhood House Presbyterian Church, for reasons I ill understood then. Also, it was about this time the staff began to think about our finishing in high school and then going to college. Nothing could seem wilder than this at that stage of our lives, mine especially; but the ideal was sown in us and it was steadily nurtured and took.”

Civics class for Bohemians (like Ed and his family). Preparing the men to for naturalization. 1913.

Ed faced a difficult choice at such a young age. His father had died, and Ed and his older brother George had been supporting their mother, Emily. He wrote:

“I was the youngest of nine in our family; none of my brothers and sisters went beyond the 6th grade; each earned about $12 to $20 per week. World War I just ended short time before. My sister Rose, youngest of girls, married John Eppers after War; brother George returned; he was gassed in front lines in France, recovered, and planned to marry. This meant Eddie (me!) would soon have to support his mother at $15 per week.”

Ed would have had to forego his college dreams if his brother George hadn’t stepped up. He offered to have their mother live with him and his new wife, freeing Ed to quit his job and attend college. Ed traded his urban life for a more rural one at Blackburn College.

Ed’s memoir offered fascinating glimpses into the lives of immigrant families in large urban areas like Chicago.  Ed also showed the amazing impact of “settlement houses” in helping these families adjust to American life and build productive futures.

Sources:

1.       https://www.wttw.com/sites/default/files/pilsen_map_1929.jpg

2.       “History of Pilsen”. Jessica Pupovac. WTTW Television. https://www.wttw.com/my-neighborhood/pilsen/history

3.       https://chicago.curbed.com/2019/6/14/18677823/pilsen-historic-district-czech-sokols-preservation

4.       Bethlehem Howell Neighborhood Center collection, 1894-1969. Seven Settlement Houses-Database of Photos (University of Illinois at Chicago), University of Illinois at Chicago. Library. Special Collections and University Archiveshttps://explore.chicagocollections.org/ead/uic/25/wk50/

Animals as Assets: 52 Ancestors 2025 Prompt “Animals”

William Weir’s Will and Livestock as Significant Assets

William Weir: 1751-1787 (Maternal Fourth Great-Grandfather)
Samuel Miller Weir: 1769-1830 (Maternal Third Great-Grandfather)

 

I am always fascinated with wills and probate records when I discover them. They can provide amazing and important details about the lives of ancestors and the things that were important to them. Animals are often mentioned in wills, especially in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century wills. In that era, animals were significant assets—not just in terms of their financial value, but also in terms of their being a means of survival as they were sources of food and labor. The distribution of these assets was critically important to heirs. The will of William Weir includes reference to a variety of animals, which were distributed among his children and his widow, including the animals given to my husband’s third-great-grandfather, Samuel Miller Weir.

William Weir was an Irish immigrant who settled in the area of Fishing Creek in Chester County, South Carolina. He fought in the Revolutionary War, and he and his wife, Susannah Miller Weir, had three sons and seven daughters over two decades. It is believed that William Weir was born in 1751, which meant that his first son, William, was born when he was only sixteen. It also would mean that William was only thirty-six years old at his death. (Note: I have found no verification of his birthdate, so I suspect he may actually have been older.) He died in 1787.

Plat map of Fishing Creek SC circa 1800, with Weir properties marked in red

William’s will opens with him stating that he was “Very Sick and Weak in Body but of Perfect Mind and Memory”, so obviously he had some serious illness and was aware he was unlikely to recover. Despite the severity of his condition, he set out a very precise, detailed distribution of his assets.

The significant sections read as follows:

“First I do give to My Well Beloved Son William Weer one Bay Mare and two Cows Which he is in Possession of.

Next I do give to My Well Beloved Daughter Elizabeth Weer her Bead & furniture With three head of cows Which is in My Son William's Care with her Saddel.

Next I do give My Well Beloved Son Samuel Weer three hundred acres of Land Which is lying & being on the Waters of Tager River & the Dunn horse and out of the above Lands he is to pay the Sum of twenty pounds into the hands of the Executors of this present Will.

Next I do give to My Well beloved Wife Susena her bed and furniture With an Equal part of the following property which is to be Equally Divided between My Said Wife and My Son James and My Daughters Susana, Augnas, Margaret, Janet, and Ann Which is to consist of the Plantation Where I Now Live with the Live Stock of horses, Cows, Hogs & Household furniture With My Plantation tools and What Moneys May be Due me and the twenty pounds Which is to be paid by My Son Samuel and all the above is to be Equaly Divided Amongest the persons above Directed after they pay all My Debts out of the whole Sum…”

As we can see, he provides each of his heirs with animals. His eldest son William receives a “Bay Mare” and two cows. Daughter Elizabeth receives “three head of cows” and a saddle, so presumably she already had a horse. My husband’s ancestor, Samuel Weir, received a “Dunn horse” along with three hundred acres of land.

Transcription of William Weir will...

The remaining assets were to be divided amongst William’s wife Susanna and the younger children—James, Susanna, Agnes, Margaret, Janet and Ann. The assets included “the Live Stock of horses, Cows, Hogs…”

So from this will, we can deduce that William Weir had a plantation comprising buildings, land, crops and livestock. The livestock included several horses, a herd of cattle, and hogs. He made sure that all his heirs received some of the livestock, helping to set them up to survive in South Carolina. The cattle would have provided milk, and the cattle and hogs provided meat. Horses were work animals, critical for pulling farm equipment to enable planting and harvesting of crops as well as providing a means of transportation. In addition, any or all the livestock could be sold to get money if necessary. William and others of his generation saw animals as essential means to build security and wealth in a new nation.

 

Sources:

South Carolina Will Transcripts, 1782-1868; Author: Wates, Wylma Anne; Probate Place: Chester, South Carolina. Ancestry.com.

https://www.rootsandrecall.com/chester/buildings/greater-fishing-creek-heritage-plat-map/